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About Newberg graphic. (Newberg, Or.) 1888-1993 | View Entire Issue (Dec. 8, 1904)
% Te xt o f Paper Delivered to S8th C i |PJ i A.\ CAUTIONS AGAINST EXTRAVAGANCE Irrig * tion, Fe ra is , Public Lands, Alaska Be- aad Oar b lu tf cove Dae Consideration. The following ia the text of the mea- aare of ident Ko aevelt to tlie 58th congress: I i T o ths S c u t « House of Wapressatatlvsa: Tbs Nation continues to enjoy noteworthy prosper it> Such prosperity Is. of course, pri- martly due to the high Individual a v s r a «e o f our citlseashlp. taken toaether with our «real natural rsaourosa: but an Important factor therein la the workla« of our lon«-<ontlnucd «overnmental policies. The people have em phatically expressed their approval of the Prin ciples undertyln« these policies, and their desire that these principles be kept substan- ttally unchanced. althou«h. of course, applied In n progressive spirit to meet cbancln« con- Altioni. The enlarcement of scope of the functions o f the National Government required by our development as a nation Involves, of course. Increese of expense; and the period of Proe- pert ty through which the eouetry Is pass Inc justifies expenditures tor permanent Improve ments far greater than ra s tie a » — ■— ‘ would be srtse ia _ , - hard time*. Battle. Extravagance. dilps and- forte, public buildings and Improved waterways ere Investments which should mad# when we have the money; hut abundant revenues end a large surplus always Invite extravagance, end constant care should be taken to guard against unnecessary increase of the ordinary expenses ef government. The coat o f doing Government business should be regu lated with the seme rigid scrutiny as the cost e f doing a private bustnem. In the vast and complicated mechanism of our modern civilised life, the dominant note Is the note o f Industrialism; and the relations of capital end labor. Capital aad Inbar, and especially of or ganised capital and or ganised labor, to each other and to the public at large come second In Importance only to the Intimate quest lone of family Ufa Our peculiar form of government, with IU «harp dlviatoo of authority between the Nation and the several slates, has been ea the whole tar mere advantageous to our development than a more strongly centralised govern ment. But ft Is undoubtedly responsible for much at the difficulty of meeting with ade quate legislation the new problems presented by the total chaage la Industrial conditions oa this coatlneht during the last half cen tury. Ia actual practice It has proved ex- caedlngly difficult, and In many cases Im possible. to get unanimity o f wise action among the various states on theae subjects From the very nature of the case, this is especially true o f the laws affecting the employment o f capital In huge masses. W ith regard to labor, the problem la no lees Important, but It Is simpler. As long as the states retain the primary control of the police power, the circumstances must be altogether extrema which require Interfer ence by the Federal authorities whether In the way o f safeguarding the rights of labor or In the way of seeing that wrong Is not done by unruly persons who shield them selves behind the name of labor. I f there la resilience to the Federal courts Interfer ence with the m alls or Interstate commerce o r molestation of Federal property, or If the state authorities In soma crisis which they are unable to face call for help, then the Federal Government may Interfere: but though such Interference may be caused by a condition of things arising out o f trou ble connected with some question of labor, tho Interference Itself simply takes the form o f restoring order without regard to the questions which have caused the breach of orrdor— for to keep order is a primary duty and In a time of disorder aad violence all other questions sink Into abeyance until order has been restored. Ia the District o f Columbia and la the territories the Federal law covers the entire field of government; but the labor question is only acute tu populous centers o f com merce. manufactures, or mining. Neverthe less both In the enactment and In the en forcement o f law the Federal Government within its restricted sphere should set an example to the state governm ents especially In a m atter no vital aa this affecting labor. I believe that under modern Industrial con ditions It la often necessary, end even where not necessary It Is yet often wise, that there should be organisation o f labor In order better to secure the righto of the Individual wags-worker. A ll encouragement should be given to any such organization, so long as It la conducted with e due and decent regard fo r the rights o f others. There are In this country some labor unions which have habit ually, and other labor unions which have often, been among the most effective agents In walking for good dtlsenshlp and for up liftin g the condition o f those whose welfare should be closest to our hearts. But when any labor union seeks Improper ends or seeks to achieve proper ends by Improper means, all good citizens end more especially all hon orable public servants, must oppose the wrongdoing aa resolutely as they would op pose the wrongdoing of any great corpora tion. There Is no objection to employee o f the Government forming or belonging to unions; but the Government can neither discrim inate for nor discriminate against nonunion men who are In Its employment, or who seek to be employed under it. Moreover, It is n very grave Impropriety for Government employes to band themselves together for the purpose o f extorting Improperly high sal aries from the Government. Especially Is this true of those within the classified serv ice. The letter-carriers, both municipal and rural, are as a whole an excellent body of public servants. They should be amply paid But tbelr payment must be obtained by ar guing their claims Tnloae o f fa irly and honorably . before the Congress. boTm nsm i and not by banding Employes. together for the de feat o f those Con gressmen who refuse to give promises which they cannot In conscience give. The Adratn- Beration has already taken steps to prevent and punish abuses of this nature; but It will be wise for the Congress to supplement this action by legislation. When we come to deal with great corpo rations. the need for the Government to net directly 1« far greater than In the case e f labor, because great corporations ran become such only by engaging In Interstate com- I mere«, end Interstate Corperatloaa. commerce Is peculiar ly the field of the General Government. It le an absurdity to expect to eliminate the abuses la great cor porations by state action. I t Is difficu lt to be patient with an argument that ouch m at ters should be left to the states, beesuse mors than ons state pursues the policy of r r s i“ - g ok saey terms eorporatioae which i n never oDerated within that stats at all. hut la ether states wboas laws thay Ignore. T b s National Government alone can deal ad equately with these great corporations To try to deal with them la an Intemperate, destructive, or dem agogic spirit would. In all probability, mean that nothing whatever would be accomplished, and, with absolute certainty, that If anything were accomplished It would he o f n harmful nature. The Am er icas people need to continue to show the vary qualities that they have shown— that Is. moderation, goad sense, tbs earnest de sire to avoid doing any damage, and yst tbs quiet determination to proceed, step by step, without halt and without hurry. In sllmtnat- lag or nt least In m inimising whatever o f mischief er o f evil there la to interstate com merce la the rood net o f grant corporations They are acting In no spirit o f hostility to • wealth, either Individual er corporate. They are wet against the rich man any more than s g s l m t - i k r peer g i r - f i « Mm « g w t f g f y they are friendly alike toward rich man aad toward poor man. provided oaly that each arts la a spirit o f Jsptlrs aad decency toward bis fellows Orest corporatleas are acces sary. and only men o f grant and singular mental power can manage such corporatloas successfully, and sock man must hava grant rew ards But them oornoratton# she»Id be managed with dae regard to tho Interest of the public as a whale Where this sen bo dope under the prem at laws It meet be dean. W here them laws torn* ehert. oth er« Mtenld factor Ip every hind a t work, o f head er hand, must ha the man's own goad mam, courage aad kindliness Mors Important than any legislation la t M gradual growth at a fasting o f responsibility aad forbsaraaos amonff capitalists aad wagsworhsra alik e: a reeling of respect oa tho part o f sack man tor the rights o f others,- a feeling o f broad community at Interest, not merely o f capital ists among thsmmlvsa, and o f wageworkers among thsm m lvsa hut o f cs pi m l lata and wageworkers la thslr relations to sack other, and o f both la thalr relatione to thsir fe l lo w « who with them make up the body pol itic. There are many captains of industry, many labor leaders, who realise thin A recent q e M h by ths president o f one o f our groat railroad systems to ths employes of that system contains sound common mam. It runs la part ns tallows: " I t is my he list ws can better serve each other, better understand ths man aa well ns his business, when meeting face to face, ex changing views, aad realising from personal contact wa serve but ons Interest, that of our mutual prosperity. "Serious misunderstandings cannot occur whore personal good w ill aglets and opportu nity for personal explanation la prsmnt. “ In my early business Ilfs I had experience with men o f affairs o f a character to make ms desire to avoid creating a like feeling of resentment to myself and ths Interests la my charge, should fortune ever place ms In au thority. and I am solicitous of a measure of confidence on ths part o f the public and our employes that I shall hops may be warranted byThe fairness aad good fellowship I Intend shall prevail In our relationship. “ But do not fm l I am disposed to grant unreasonable requests, spend the money of our company unnecessarily or without value received, nor expect ths days o f mistakes are disappearing, or that caum for complaint will not continually occur, simply to correct such abums aa may be discovered, to better conditions aa fast as reasonably may ba ex pected, constantly striving, with varying suc cess. far that Improvement ws nil dsalrs. to convince you thoro Is n fores nt work In ths right direction, nil ths tim e making progress — to ths disposition with which I have coma among you. asking your good w ill aad en couragement “ Ths day has gone by when a corporation can ha handled successfully In defiance o f ths public will, avaa though that w ill ba unrea sonable and wrong. A public may he led, but not driven, and I prefer to go with It and shape or modify la a measure IU opla Ion, rathar than be swept rrom my bearings, with loss to m yself and ths Interests In my charge. “ Violent prejudice exists toward corporate activity and capital today, much of It found ed in reason, mors In apprehension, and n large measnre to due to the personal traits of arbitrary, unreasonable. Incompetent and offensive men la positions o f authority. Ths accomplishment o f results by Indirection, ths endeavor to thwart the Intention. If not the expressed letter of the law (ths w ill o f ths people), n disregard of the rights of others n disposition to withhold what to dns. to fores by main strength or Inactivity a result not Justified, depending upon ths weakness o f ths claimant and his Indisposition to be come Involved In litigation, has created a sentiment harmful In ths extreme and a die position to consider anything fair that gives gain to ths Individual at ths axpsaas o f ths company. “ I f corporations are to continue to do ths world’s work, as they ars best fitted to, tbsas qualities In thslr representatives that have resulted In ths present prejudice against them must be relegated to ths back ground. Ths corporations must corns out Into ths open and see and be seen. They must take ths public Into their confidence and ask for what they want, and no more, and be prepared to explain satisfactorily what advantage w ill accrue to the public If they are given their desires; fo r-th e y are permitted to exist not that they may m ake money solely, but that they may e f fectively serve those from whom they de rive their power. * "Publicity, and not secrecy, will win here after, and laws be construed by their Intent and not by their totter, otherwise public utilities w ill be owned and operated by the public which created them, even though the servlcfe be less efficient and the result less satisfactory from a financial stand point.” The Department of Agriculture has grown into an educational Institution with a fac ulty o f 2000 specialists making research Into all the Sciences o f production. The Congress appropriates, directly and Indirectly, $6,000.- 000 annually to carry Agriculture. on this work. It reaches every state and territory In the Union and the islands at ths saa lately coma under onr Bag. Co operation to had with ths stmts experiment stations, and with many other Institutions and Individuals Ths world to carefully searched for new varieties of grains, fruits, g rasses, vegetables, trees and shrubs, suit able to various localities In our country; and marked benefit to our producers has re sulted. The activities o f onr age In lines o f re search have reached the tillers of tbs soil and Inspired them with ambition to know more o f the principles that govern the forces o f Nature with which they have to deal. N early h alf o f the people of this country devote their energies to growing things from ths soil. Until a recent date little has been dons to prepare these millions for their life work. In most lines of human activity col lege-trained men are the leaders. The farm er had no opportunity fo r special train ing until ths Congees mads provision for I f 40 years ago. During these years progress has bean made and teachers have beyn pre pared. Over 500# students are Iq attendance at our State Agricultural colleges. The Fed eral Government expends $10.000,000 annu ally toward this education and for research In Washington and In ths severn^.atates and territories The Department of Agriculture has given facilities for post-graduate work to 500 young men daring the tost seven years, preparing them for advanced lines o f work In ths department and In ths stats Institutions Ths facts concerning m eteorology and Its relations to plant and animal life are be ing system atically Inquired Into. Tempera ture and moisture are controlling factors In nil agricultural operations The seasons of the cyclones of ths Caribbean Spa and tbelr paths are being forecasted with Irtcreaslng accuracy. Ths cold winds that come from the north are anticipated and tbelr times and Intensity told to farmers, gardeners and fruiterers In all southern localities. W e sell $2.'>O.QOO.OOO worth of animals and animal products to foreign countries every year. In addition to supplying our own peo ple more cheaply and abundantly than any other nation Is able to provide for Its peo ple. Successful manufacturing depends pri m arily on cheap food, which accounts to a considerable extent for our growth in this direction. The Department of Agriculture, by careful Inspection o f meats, guards the health of our people and gives clean bills of health to deserving exports; It Is prepared to deal promptly with Imported diseases of animals, and maintain the excellanca of out flocks and herds In this rsapect. There should be an annual census of ths Uvsstock of the Nation. W e eell abroad about $600.000.000 worth of plants and their products every year, fitren- uous efforts ars being made to Import from foreign countries such gains as are suitable to our varying localities Seven years ago we bought three-fourths of our rice; by help ing the rlcegrowers on the Gulf coast to se cure seeds from the Orient suited to their conditions, and by givin g them adequate protection, they now supply home demand and export to the tolande o f ths Caribbean Sea and to other rice-growing countries. Wheat and other grains hava been Import ed from llght-ralnfsll rountrlee to our lands In the W est and Southwest that have not grown crops because of light preclpltgtton. resulting In an extensive addition to our cropping area and onr home-making terri tory that can not be Irlgated. Ten million bushels o f first-class macaroni wheat were grown from these experimental Importations Inst year. Fruits suitable to our soils and climates ars being Imported from nil the countries o f the Old W orld— ths fig from Turkey, the almond from Spain, the date from Algeria, the Mango from India. W e are helping our fruitgrowers to get (heir crops Into European markets by studying methods o f preservation through refrigera tion. packing and handling, which hava been quite successful. W s are helping our hop- growers by Important varieties that ripen earlier and later than the kinds they have been raising, thereby lengthening the har vesting season. Ths cotton crop o f ths country Is threatened with root rot. ths boll- worm. and the boll weevil Our pathologists wtil find Immune varieties that w ill resist the root disease, sad ths boll worm can he dealt with, hut the bell weevil to a aertnue menace to the «««to n crop. It to a Central American Invert that has become acclimated In Texne and has done great damage. A seien’ let o f the Department o f Agriculture has found ths weevil at home In Oualemala being kept In check by an ant, which has bean brought to our cotton fields f o r ’ ob servation. It to hoped that It may serve a good purpose The solla o f ths country are getting atten tion from the farmsr'e standpoint, and In teresting results are following. W s have duplicates o f ths nolle that grow the wrap- N jir J j par toba cco la Fumatra aad ths filler to from ths soil, will ho soally and rapidly ae- bacco la Cabs. It w ill ba only a question of ooaotbla w time whan ths largo amounts pi Second— Tho roservso themsslvo« \ being countries w ill ba paid to our awn psogm, The handled from ths point of view of ths man reclamation o f alkali lauds to . ______ In tho field, thotond of ths man la tho offlco, to give object-lessons to aur people la assth- will ho mors anally aad mors widely useful ods by which worthless lands may ba mail* to the people of ths West than has been ths productive. caas hitherto. Ths Insect M ead s and «am iss o f tho farm ■ Third— Within a comparatively short time or ora getting attention. Ths saamy o f th* ths rsoorvoo will become sair-supportln«. This Ban Joss seals was found near ths Great to Important, because continually aad rapid W all o f China, aad to now classing up nil ly Insroaslng appropriations will he neces our orchards T h e fig-fertlltolng Insect Im sary for the proper ears af this exceedingly ported from Turkey has helped to establish important Intoront of tho Nation, ond thay an Industry la California that amounts ts can and should bo offset by returns from ths frosa 50 to 100 ton« o f drtod figs onaaalb Notional forests Under similar circum ond to oxtoadlng ovor tho Poclflc Coast. A stances ths forest possessions of other groat parasitic, fiy from South A fr ic a to keqgtn* notions form an Important source of revenue la subjection tho black oealo. the worst poi-i to thslr government« of the orange and lemon Industry la Can Every administrative officer concerned to fora la. . Careful preliminary work to being don* convinced of tho necessity for ths proposed towards producing our own silk. Ths mul consolidation of forest work In ths Depart berry to being distributed In large number* ment of Agriculture, and I myaslf have urged eggs are being Imported and distributed, tm It mors then ones In former messages. Again proved reels wars Imported from Europe I commend It to the anrly ond fevorobto con last year, and two export rasters wen sideration of tho Congress. Ths Interests of brought to Washington to reel the crop of the Nation at largo and of t n West In par cocoons aad teach the art to our own pao ticular have suffered greatly because of ths delay. pto. I call ths attention of ths Congress again The cro-reporting system o f the Depart to tho report and recommendation of ths Com moot of Agricwlturs to being brought oloari mission on tho Public to accuracy every year. It has 230,000 re Pub lie f ends L a n d « forwarded by porters selected from People In eight Toes ms to tho second ses Ilona In Ilfs. It has arrangements with sion o f tbe present congress. Ths Commission moat European countries for T*lfihg of estim ate« so that our people may know has prosecuted Its Investigations actively dur as nearly as possible with what they m ux ing ths past season, and a second report Is now la an advanced stags of preparation. compete During ths H i years that have elapse.1 Ths progress of ths Indiana toward civilian sines ths passage o f ths reclamation act Hon. though not rapid, to parhnps all that rapid progress has bean mads In th s sur could bo hoped for. In view of the circum veys and examinations o f ths opportunities stance« WUhln the past year many trlbsn for reclamation In the IS states and thrsr have shown. In a degree greater than ever territories o f the arid West. Construction before, an appreciation has already boon be In d ia n « of tho necsesily of Irrigation. gun on tho largsaf ami work. This changed at most Important o f the titude to In part duo to tho policy recently Irrigation w o rk « and plans are being com pursued of reducing the amount of subsist pleted for works qgilch w ill utilise ths funds ence to the Indians, and thus forcing them, now available. The operations are being through sheer necessity, to work for a liveli carried on by the Reclamation Service, s hood. Ths policy, though severs. Is a useful corps of engineers selected through com peti ons. but It to to bo exercised only with Judg tive civil-service exam ination« This corps ment and with a full understanding of ths Includes experienced consulting and con conditions which exist In each community for structing engineers aa well as yartowg ex which It Is Intended. On or near ths Indian perts In mechanical and legal m a tte r« aad reservations there to usually very little to composed largely of man who have spent mand for labor, and tf ths Indians ars to most of thslr lives In practical affairs con earn their living and when work cannot be lected with Irrigation. The larger problems furntohed from outside (which to always prsf hava been solved, and It now remains to ersble) then It must be furnished by ths Gov Practical Instruction of this kind exscuts with ears, economy, and thorough eminent. ness ths work which has been told out. All would In a fow yean result In ths forming Important details are being carefully eon of habits of regular Industry, which would aldered by boards of consulting engineers render the Indian a producer and would effect great reduction In the coot of hto main selected for thslr thorough knowledge and s tenaace. practical experience. Each project to taken In the Poatolfico Deportment ths service up on the ground by competent men and viewed from the standpoint of ths creation has Increased In efficiency, and conditions of prosperous hom e« and of promptly refund as to revenue and expenditure continue sat Ths Increase o f revenue during ing to the Treasury ths cost o f construction isfactory. Ths reclamation net has been found to be ths year was $9.358,1S1.10. or fill per cent, remarkably complete and effective, and to ths total receipts amounting to $143.1182.- $132.302.- broad In Its provisions that n wlda range of 624.34. Ths expenditures wars undertakings has been possible under It. At 116.70, an Increase o f about • per cent over ths previous year, being thus $8.979.492.3« ths same time, economy 1s guaranteed by ths fact that funds must ultim ately ba re In excess of ths current revenue. Included In those expenditures was a total appropri turned to be used over again. I t to the cardinal principle of the foroat- atlon o f $12.856,637.33 for the continuation and extension o f ths rural frss-dsllvsry reserve policy o f this Administration that tbs rvservei are for service, which was an Increase o f $4,902. 237.35 over 'the amount expended for Forests. usa. W hatever Inter this purpose In the fares with the usa of Faatal fiee r ie«. preceding fiscal year. thslr resources to to bo avoided by ovary L arge as this expendi possible means. But these resources mast ture haa been the beneficent results attained be used In such a way as to tanks them In extending ths free distribution of malls permanent. Ths foresf policy o f the Government to to ths residents o f rural districts have Just now a subject o f vivid public Interest Justified the wisdom o f ths outlay. Statis throughout ths West and to ths people of tics brought down to October 1, 1904. show the United States In general. The forest re that on that data there were 27,138 rural approximately serves themaslvsa are of extrema value to routes established, serving ths present ns well as to the future welfare 12.000,000 of people In rural districts re of all the Western public-land states They mote from poatolfices, and that th*re wars powerfully affect the use and disposal of pending nt that time 3859 petitions for ths the public lan d « They are o f special Im establishment of new rural routes. Unques portance because they preserve the water tionably some part of ths general Increase In supply and the supply of timber fqi; domestic receipts to due to the Increased postal f a purposes and so promote settlement under cilities which ths rural service has afforded the reclamation act. Indeed, tbey are es The revenues have also been aided greatly sential to the w elfare of every one o f the by amendments In the classification of mall matter, and the curtailment o f abuses of great Interest o f th e, West. Forest reserves are’ created for two prin ths second-class mailing privilege. Ths aver cipal purposes. Ths first to to preserve the age Increase In the volume of m oil matter water supply. This to thslr most Important for the period beginning with 1902 and end use. The principal users o f the water thus ing June. 1903 (th at portion for 1905 being preserved are Irrigation ranchers and set estimated), to 40.47 ner cent, as compared tlers, cities and towns to whom thslr mu with 23.$6 per cent for the period Immedi nicipal water supplies ars of the very first ately preceding, and 13.92 for the four-year Importance, users and furnishers o f water period Immediately preceding that. The growing Importance o f the Orient as a power, and ths users o f water for domaatle. manufacturing, mining, and other purposes. field for Am erican exports drew from my A ll these ora directly dependent upon ths predecessor. President McKinley, an urgent request for Its special forest reserve« consideration by ths Ths second reason for which forest re Congress In hto msa- serve. ore created to to preserve the llmbee o f 1898 he stated: supply for various classes o f wood users "In this relation, ns showing the peculiar Among tho more Important o f these are set tlers under the reclamation act and other volume and value o f our trade with China favorable conditions acto, for whom a cheap and acdeaalbl* sup and the peculiarly ply of timber for domestic uses to absolutely which exist for thslr expansion In the necessary; miners and prospector« who ors normal course o f trade. I refer to tho In serious danger of loetng their timber sup communication addressed to the Speaker of ply by firs or through export by lumber com the House of Representatives by ths Secre panies when timber lands adjacent to their tary o f the Treasury on the 14th of Inst mines pass Into private ownership; lumber June, with Its accompanying' letter of the men. transportation companies, builder« end Secretary o f State, recommending an appro priation fo r a commission to study the In commercial Interests In general. Although tbe wisdom of creating forest re dustrial and Comlherclnh conditions In the serves Is nearly everywhere heartily recog Chinese Empire u id to report ns to the op- nised, yet In a few localities there have been portunltles for anti ths obstacles to the en- misunderstanding and complaint. The fol iargement of markets In Chine f i r the rh% products and manufactures "of the United lowing statement to therefore desirable: The forest-reeerve policy can be successful S ta te « Action was not taken thereon dur only when It has the full support of the peo ing the lost session. I cordially urge that ple of the West. It cannot safely and should the recommendation receive a t your hands not In any case, be Imposed upon them the consideration which Its Importance and , against tbelr will. But neither can we ac timeliness m erit.” In his annual message o f 1899 he again cept the views o f those whose only Interest in the forest is temporary; who are anxious called attention to this recommendation, to reap what they have not sown end then quoting It, and stated further: ” 1 now renew this recommendation, ns the move away, leaving desolation behind them. On the contrary. It to everywhere and always Importance of the subject has steadily grown the Interest of ths permanent settler end sines It was first submitted to you. and no the permanent business man. ths msn with a time should be lost In studying for ourselves stake In ths country, which must be con ths resources of this great field for American trade and enterprlm.” sidered. and which must decide. Ths Importance o f securing proper In The making of forest reserves within rail formation and data with a view to the road and wagon-road land-grant limits will hereafter, as for the past three years, be so enlargement o f our trade with Asia to undl- managed as to prevent the issue, under the mlnlshed. Our Consular representatives Iq act of June 4, 1897. o f base for exchange or China have strongly urged n place for per lieu selection (usually called scrip). In all manent display of American products In cases where forest reserves within areas sbme prominent trade center of that em covered by land grants appear to be essea- pire. under Government control and man tlal to the prosperity o f settlers, miners, or agement, as an effective means of advanc others, the Government lands within such ing our export trade therein. I call the at proposed forest reserves will, as In the recent tention o f the Congress to the desirability past, be withdrawn from sale or tntry pend bf carrying out these suggestions. ing the completion o f such negotiations with Alaska, like «11 our territorial acquisitions, the owners o f the land grants as will prevent has proved resourceful heyond the expecta the creation o f so-called scrip. tions of those who made the Durchaee. It It was form erly the custom to make forest has become the home of many hardy. In reserves without first getting definite and dustrious, and thrifty detailed Information an to the character of Alaska. American c i t i z e n * land and timber within their boundaries. This Towns of n permanent method of action often resulted In badly character have been built. The extent o f It* chosen boundaries and consequent Injustice wealth In m in era l« timber, fisheries, and to settlers and others« Therefore this Ad agriculture, while great. Is probably not ministration adopted the present method of comprehended yet In any Just measure by first withdrawing the land from disposal, our people. W e do know, however, that from followed by careful examination on the a very small beginning Ita products have ground and the preparation o f detailed maps grown until they ars a steady and material and descriptions, before any forest reservtf contribution to the wealth of the Nation. to created. Owing to the Immensity of Alaska and Its I have repeatedly called attention to the location In the fa r north. It to a difficult confusion which exists In Government forest m atter to provide many things essential to matters because the work to scattered im on i Its growth and to the happlneea and com three Independent organisations. Ths United fort of Ita people by private enterprise alone. States Is ths only one o f the great nation* It should, therefore, receive reaeonable eld In which the foreat work o f the Oovernmenh from ths Government. The Government has Is not concentrated under one department. already done excellent work for Alaska In consonance with the plainest dictates of In laying cables end building telegraph tines. good administration end common sense. The This work has been done In the most eco present arrangement is bad from every point nomical and efficient way by ths 8lgnal of view. Merely to mention It Is to prove Corps o f ths Army. that It should be terminated at ones. As I In some respects tt has outgrown Its pres have repeatedly recommended, all ths forest ent la w « while In others those laws have work of tbe Government should be concen been found to be Inadequate. In order to trated In the Department of Agriculture, obtain Information upon which I could rely where the larger part of that work to already I caused an official of the Department of done, where practically all o f the trained Justice, In whose Judgment I have con foresters o f the Government are employed, fidence. to vlelt Alaska during the past Bum- where chiefly In Washington tbers is com prehensive flrst-hand knowledge of Ihe prob mar for ths purpose o f ascertaining how to administered there end what* lems o f tho reserves acquired on the ground, government legislation is actually needed at present. A where nil problems relating to grostih from statement of the conditions found to exist, tho soil ora already gathered, and where all together with some recommendations and ths the sciences auxiliary to forestry are at hand reasons therefor. In which I strongly con for prompt and effective co-operation. These cur w ill be fopnd In the annual report of reasons are decisive In themselves, but It the' Attorney-Gensral. In some Instances I should be added that the great organizations feel that the legislation suggested to so of citizens whose Interests are affected by the im peratively needed that I am moved briefly forest reserves, such as ths National Llve- lo emphasise the Attorney-General’s pro itock Association, the National Woolgrowers- Association, the American Mining Congress, posals. Under the code of Alaska as It now stands ths National Irrigation Congress, and the powers and "National Board of Trade, have uniformly, m anr purely adm inistrative emphatically,<»gnd most of them repeatedly, duties. Including by far ths most Ira- portent. devolve upon the District Judges or expressed themselves In favor of placing all Government forest work In ths Depart, upon ths Clerks of the District Court acting ment of Agriculture because of ths peculiar under the direction o f the Judge« while the adaptation of that Department for It. It Qovarnor. upon whom these powers end du to true. also, that the forest services of ties ahould logically fall, has nothing spe nearly all ths great nations of ths world ars cific to do except to make annual rep ort« under ths respective departments of agricul tosue Thankgiving d « r proclam ation« and ture. while If»' hut two of the smaller na appoint Indian policemen and notaries pub I believe It essential to good govern tions and In one colony ars they under ths lic department of the Interior. This Is the ment In A ta s k « and therefor« recommend, that ths Congress divest ths District Judges result of long and varied experience and It agrees fully with ths requirements of good and etorks of thalr courts of ths adminis trative or sxsrullre functions that they now administration In our own cnee Ths creation o f n forest service 1« the De- exercise and cast them upon ths Oovsrnor. psrtment o f Agriculture will have for Its This would n ot be an Innovation; It would Am ply conform the government of Alaska Important results; First— A better handling of all forest work, to fundamental principles, making ths Gov because It Will be under a single head, and ernorship a real Instead o f t merely nominal because the vast and Indispensable experi o fllr « and leaving ths Judges free to « I ts ence of the Deportment In all matters per thslr antlrs attention to thslr Judlalnl duties taining to tho forest reserve« to forestry In and at the same time removing tbsm from general, and to other forms o f production a great deal of ths strife that aaw sm - 1 States o f had Invttad foreign aggression to- barrasses tho Judicial ofiles la A la sk a I also recommend that ths salaries o f the ths detriment o f tho entire body of AmerU' It to n mar* truism to say District Judges and District Attorneys la can nation« Alaska be Increased go Xs to^make them that ovary nation, whathar In Amortch or equal la those received by corresponding of nnywhars a la « which desires t* maintain. ficers tn thé United Staten after deducting t u freedom. Its Independent-« must ulti ths difference In ths cost of living; that Iho m ately roallns that th* right o f suoh Inde District Attorneys should bo prohibited from pendence oannot ba aaparated from tha re engaging la private practice; that United sponsibility of making good use of U. States Commissioners ba appointed by ths i Ths strong arm o f the Government In en Governor of tho territory Instead o f by ths forcing respect for Its Just rights In Intar- District Ju d gs« aad that a fixed salary bs national matters to ths Navy o f th* bolted provided for thsiq to take the plaça of ths S ta te « I moat ’ garnsatly recommend that discredited ” ffs system." which ahould ba thora be no halt In tha abolished la all ofilcss; that a mounted con Tha Navy. work of upbulidlog tbo American Navy. There stabulary bs created to police ths territory outside ths limits 6f Incorporated tew ne- - s to no more patriotic duty before ua aa a . vast section now wholly without police pro people than to keep ths Navy adequate to tection; aad that some provision ba mads tbs needs of this country’s position. W s have to at least lessen the oppressive delays and undertaken to build the Isthmian Canal. Ws costs that now attend ths prosecution of ap have undertaken to scour* for ourselves our share In ths trada of tbs Orient. W s- peals from ths Dlstrlot Court o f A laska Just ,iaVe undertaken to protoot our cilia*aa from There should bs a division of ths existing Improper treatment In foreign lan d « W s Judicial d is tric t« aad aa Increase In lhe continue steadily td Insist on tha application, number o f Judge« of ths Monroe Doctrlns to ths Western Alaska should hava a Dslsgats In’,ths ■Con Hemisphere. Unless our attitude 1« these g re s « Where possible, the Congress should and ell similar matters to to bs n mara old In ths construetlon of needed wagon boastful sham ws can not afford to aban ro a d « Additional lighthouses should be pro don our naval programme. Onr votes to now vided. Ia my judgment. It to especially Im potent for peace, and ts so potent because w e portant to aid In such manner as seems just ars not afraid of war. But our protestations behalf of peace would neither receive and feaalbto In ths construction o f a trunk upon nor desert* th* slightest attention If wa- line o f railway to connect ths Oulf of Alaska wars Impotent to mnks them good. with ths Tukon R iver through American ter W ithin ths last three years th* United* ritory. This would bs most beneficial to ths development o f ths resources of the territory, States has n t an example la disarmament disarmament was propery. By and to ths comfort and wslfara o f Its people. whsra ' Salmon hatcheries should bs established In law our Arm y to fixed a t a maximum of 100,000 and a mlnl- many différant strea m « so as to secure ths The Arm y. mum of 60.000 men. preservation of this valuable food fish. Bal- Whan there was In on fisheries and canneries should bs pro- surrection In tha Philippines wa kept tha- blldd on certain of the rivers where ths mass of those Indians dwell who live almost Arm y at the maximum. Peace came In the th lllp p ln e« and now oun Arm y has been exclusively on fish. reduced to tpe minimum at which It to pos Ths Alaskan natives ars kindly. Intelli sible to keep It with due regard to Its effi gent. anxious to learn, and willing to work. ciency. Ths guns now mounted require 28.- Those who have come under the Influence 000 men. If ths coast fortifications are to ba of civilisation, even for n limited period, adequately manned. Relatively to ths Na have proved thslr capability of becoming tion. it to not now so large as the police self-supporting, self-respecting c ltls e n « and fores of New York or Chicago relatively to nek only for the Just enforcement of law the population o f either elty. W s need mors and Intelligent Instruction and supervision. officers , (bars nrs not enough to psform Others living In mors remote reg io n « prim ths regular Army work. It Is very Important itive. simple hunters and fisher folk, who that ths officers of ths Army should bs ac know only ths Ilfs of tbs woods aad t t e customed to handle thslr msn In m esas« w a te r« are dally being confronted with 20th- as It to also Important that tha National. csnlury civilisation, with nil o f Its complexl- Guard o f tha several states should bs ac tlsa Thslr country to being overrun by customed to actual Bald maneuvering, es stran ger« the gams slaughtered and driven pecially In connection with the regu lar« For away, ths streams depleted o f fish, and this rs«aoa ws are to bs congratulated upon hitherto unknown and fatal diseases brought tho success of ths field maneuvers at Man to them, all of which combine to produce a assas last Fall, maneuvers In which n larg stats o f abject poverty and wqqt which must er number of regulars and National Guard result In thalr estlnctloa. Action In thslr took part than was ever before assembled Interest to demanded by every considération together In tlms of peace. No other civil , of Justice and humanity. ised Nation h e « relatively to Its population, such a diminutive Army as oqra; and whlla Ths needs o f these people are: Ths abolition o f (he prsssnt fsa system, th* Arm y to so small wa are not to bs ex whereby ths «s tiv e Is degraded. Imposed cused If we fall to keep It nt a very high grade o f proficiency. It must bs Incessantly upon, and taught the Injustice of tow. Ths establishment o f hospitals at central practlcsd; ths standard for tbs enlisted men. p o in t« no that contagious diseases that are should bs kept very high, while at ths same brought to them continually by Incoming ttma ths service ahould bo mads as attrac whites may be localised and not allowed to tive as possible^ and ths standard fo r tha become epidemic, to spread death and desti officers should ba kept even higher— which, aa'regards tha upper ra n k « ean bast ba dona tution over grant a re a « by Introducing some system o f selection and Ths davslopmsnt of ths educational system rejection Into tho prom otion« W s should ba- In ths form of practical training In such ablo, la ths event of some suddaa emerg Industries as w ill. assure ths Indians self- ency, to put Into ths field one first-class support under the changed conditions In Arm y c o rp « which should bs. as a whole, at which they w ill have to live. least the equal of any body of troops of Ilka Ths duties o f the office o f ths Governor number belonging to any bthsr nation. ehould be extended to Include the supervi In ths Philippine Islands there has been sion of Indian affaira, with necessary assist during ths past year a continuation of tho ants In different d is tric t« Ha should be steady progress which has obtained aver provided with ths means and the power to sines our troops definitely got ths upper protect and advise ths native people, to fur hand of ths Insurgent« Ths Philippine peo nish medical treatment tn tlms of epidem ple. or, lo spank morn i c « and to extend m ateriel relief In periods n o Philippine« accurately, ths many of fnmlns and extrema destitution. l.'.bes. and even r a c e « T h * Alaskan natives should be given ths sundered from one another more or less right to acquire, hold, and dispose of prop sharply, who go to make up the people o f erty upon ths same conditions ns given other thb Philippine Isla n d « contain many ale- inhabitants; and ths privilege of cltlaenshlp m ints of good, and some slamsnta which w a should ba given to have a right to hope stand for progress. A t » H r awaii . _ . i i and I Porto .,,,.,, such ns may be d<n. able present they are .utterly Incapable of extot- to raM, c, rtaln Ing In Independence nt nil or o f building nlte requirem ent« In up n civilisation of their own. I firmly be Hawaii, Congress lieve that we can help them to rise higher should g iv e the Governor power to remove and higher In the scale of clvillsaton and o f nil the officiale appointed under him. The capacity for self-government, and 1 moat harbor o f Honolulu should be dredged. The earnestly hope that In th* end they will be Marine Hoepltal Service ehould be empow able to stand. If not entirely alone, yet In ered to study leprosy tn the Island« I a*k some such relation to the United States a* spécial consideration for- the report and rec Cuba now stan d« This end to not yat In ommendations of ths Governor of-Porto Rico. -sight, and It may b* indefinitely postponed In treating o f our foreign policy and o f the If our people are foolish enough to turn tbo attitude that this great Nation- should as attention o f the Filipinos away fr a ff th* sume In ths world at large. It to absolutely problems of achieving moral and materia! necessary to consider the Army and the prosperity, of working for a stable, orderly, Navy, and ths Congres« through which ths and Just government, end toward foolish end thought o f ths Nation dangerous Intrigues for a complete Inde F «Volga Policy. finds Its expression. pendence for which they are ns yet totally should keep ever v iv unlit. idly In mind the fundamental fact that It to On th* other hand, our people must heap' Impossible to treat our foreign policy, wheth steadily bafor* thslr minds ths fact that th* er this policy takes shape In ths effort to .Justification for our stay In ths Philippines secure Justice for others or Justice for our must ultimately rest chiefly upon th* good selves, save as conditioned upon ths attitude w* nr* nbl* to do In the Island*. I do not we nrs wilting to take toward our Army, and overlook ths tact that In the development o f especially toward our Navy. It to not merely our Interests in the Pacific Ocean and along unwise. It to contemptible, for a Nation, ns Its con st« th* Philippines have ployed and for an Individual, to uss high-sounding lan will piny an Important part, end that our guage to proclaim Its purposes, or to take Interests have been served In mors than on* positions which nrs ridiculous If unsupported way by the possession of th* Islands. But by potential force, and then to refuse to our chief reason for continuing to hold them provide this fores. I f there Is no Intention must be that we ought In good faith to try to of providing and o f keeping the force nec do our share of the world's work, end this essary to back up a strong attitude, then It particular piece of work haa been Imposed Is far better not to assume such an attitude. upon us by the results of th* war with Spain. The steady aim of this Nation, as o f nil The problem presented te ua In th* Philip enlightened nations, should be to strive to pine Islands Is skin to, but not exactly like, bring ever nearer the day when there shall the problems presented to the other great prevail throughout ths world thq peace of civilised powers which have possessions In Justice. There are kinds o f peace which nrs the Orient. There are points of resemblance highly undesirable, which are In the long In our work to the work which to being done run ns destructive ns any war. Tyrants and by the British In India and Egypt, by th* oppressors hava many times mads s wilder French tn A lg le r« by tha Dutch In Java, by ness and called It peace, i Many times peo Ihe Russians In Turkestan, by the Japan*** ples who w ere slothful or timid or short In Formosa; but more distinctly than any of sighted, who had been enervated by ease or these powers we are endeavoring to develop by luxury, or misled by false teachings, have ths natives themselves so that they shall shrunk In unmanly fashion from doing duty tkke an ever-increasing share In their own that was stern and that needed self-sacrifice, government, and as fa r as is prudent w* nr* and have sought to hide from their own already admitting their representatives to • mlnde their shortcomings, their Ignoble mo governmental equality with our own. t iv e « by calling them love of peace. The There are Commissioners, Judges, and Gov pence o f tyrannous terror, I Be peace of cra ernors In the Islands who ars Filipinos and ven weakness, the pence o f Injustice, all who have exactly th* same share In th* these should bs shunned ns ws shun unright government of the lelgnds as have their col eous war. leagues who are A m erican « while In th* W e ere In every way endeavoring to help lower ranks, of course, the great m ajority o f the public servants are Ftllplrme. Within (wo on, with cordial good will, every movement which will tend to years we shaft be trying th e’ experiment o f Arbitration Treaties, bring us Into more an elective lower house In the Philippine friendly relations with Legislature. 11v may b* that th* Filipinos the rest of mankind. In pursuance of this will misuse this Legislature, and they cer policy I shall shortly lay before ths Sen-, tainly w ill misuse It If they are misled by ate treaties of arbitration with all powers foolish nersons here st home Into starting which are willing to enter Into these treaties an agitation for their own Independence or with us. It Is not possible at this period Into any factious or Improper action. In such of the world's development to agree to ar rase they will do themselves no good and bitrate nil m a tte r« but thore are many will atop for th* time being all further e f matters of possible difference between us fort to advance them and give them a and other nations which can be thus arbi greater share In their own government. But trated. Furthermore, at the request o f the If they act with wisdom and aelf-reatraint. Interparliamentary Union, an eminent body If they show that they are capable of electing composed of practical a Legislature which In Its turn to capable of taking a aan* and efficient part la ths Second Hague statesmen from nil actual work o f government, they can rest countries. 1 h a v e Conference. »*k ed th* powers to assured that a full and Increasing measure o f recognition will be given them. Above all Join with this Govern ment In a second Hague conference, at which they should remember that their prime needs It to hoped that the work already so happily ore moral and Industrial, not political. It Is begun at The Hague may be carried some s good thing to try the experiment of g iv steps further toward completion. This car ing them a Legislature; lej| It to n far bet ries out the desire expressed by the first ter thing to give them schools, good ro a d « railroads which w ill enable them to get their Hague Conference itself. products to market, honest cou rt« an honest It to not true that the United States feels and efficient constabulary, and ell that tends any land hunger or entertains any projects to produce order, peace, fair dealing as be as regards the other nations of the Western tween man and man. and habits of Intelli Hemisphere save such as ars for thslr wel- gent Industry and thrltt. I I they are safe ' fare. Alt that this guarded against oppression, and If their real Policy Toward Other country desires Is to wants, material and spiritual. Or* studied In —, , i s e e ths neighboring telligently and In a spirit of friendly sym Nations o f Western countr|„ or. pathy, much mors good will be done them Hemisphere. derly, and prosperous than by an effort to give them political Any country whose power, though this effort m ar In Its own people conduct themselves wall can esunt proper tlms end place b* proper enough. upon our hearty friendship. I f a nation Meanwhile our own people should remem shows that It knows how to act with rea sonable efficiency and decency In social and ber that there Is need for th* highest stand ard of conduct among th* Americans sent political matters. If tt keeps order and pays Its obligations. It need fear no Intsrfersncs to th* Philippine Island*, not only among th* from ths United States. Chronic wrongdo public servants but among th* private In ing. or an Impotence which results In a gen dividuals who go to them. It to because I eral loosening of the tie* of civilised so feel this so deeply that In the administra ciety. may In America, n* elsewhere, ulti tion of th*** Islands I hsvs positively re mately requlr* Intervention by anm* c iv il fused to permit any dlscrlmlnaton whatso ised nation, and In th# Western Hemisphere ever for political reasons, and have Insisted the adherence of th* United States to ths that In choosing the public servants consid Monroe . Doctrine may fores ths United eration ahould be paid solely to th* worth lAtlaa, however reluctantly. In flagrant of th* men chosen and to tha needs of the cases o f et«’ h wrongdoing or Impotence, to Islands. There Is no higher body of men In ths exercise of an International poltc* power. our public service than we have In tha I f every country washed by th* Caribbean Philippine Islands under Oovsrnor W right Sen would show ths progress In stabls and and hto associate«. So far as possible thee# Just civilisation which with th* aid o f tho men should be given n fra# hand, end thslr Platt amendment Cuba haa shown sine* our suggestions should receive ths hearty bask troops toft th* Island, and which an many ing both of th* Exscutlvs and at ths Con o f th* republics In both Americas ars con gress. There Is need of a vigilant and dis stantly and brilliantly showing, all ques interested support of our public torrents la th* Philippine* by good ottlssns her* In tha tion of Interferenc* by this Nation with United States. thslr affairs would ba at an and. Our In Every measure taken concerning th* Islands ternats and those of our Southern neighbors are In reality Identical. They hava great ahould b* takaji primarily with • view to natural rich**, and If within thslr borders thslr ad ven ts««. W * should certainly give ths ralgn of law and Juatlea obtain« proa- them lower tariff rates on tl|blr export* to parity to sura to com* to them. Whll# they th* United States; If this to not don* It trill thus obey th* primary laws of clvlllied soci be a wrong to extend our shipping tows to ety they may raat assured that they will b* them. I earnestly hops for th# immediate treated by ua In a spirit of cordial and enactment Into tow ,o f ths legislation aow helpful eympathy. iW# would Interfere with pending to encourag* American capital Mo them only In tha last resort, and then only seek Investment In tha Islands In ra ilro a d « If It became evident that thslr Inability nr In f«stories. In plantations, and In lumber unwillingness to do jdoilce at horns and ing and mining. abroad bad violated ths rights of tho United TH E O D O RE ROOSEVELT. »